Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a condition in which the stomach contents are regurgitated into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other uncomfortable symptoms. While there is no cure for GERD, treatment can help relieve symptoms and prevent further damage to the esophagus. One treatment option is lifestyle changes such as avoiding trigger foods and eating smaller meals. Additionally, various medications are available that can reduce stomach acid production and help the esophageal sphincter function properly:
1. Antacids
Antacids are the most common and effective treatments for GERD. They work by neutralizing stomach acids, which helps to reduce chest pain and other symptoms of heartburn. Antacids are available over-the-counter and do not require a prescription. However, it is important to follow the directions on the label carefully, as taking too much can lead to side effects such as constipation or diarrhea. Additionally, antacids should not be taken for more than a week at a time, as they can potentially worsen GERD and heartburn symptoms.
2. H2 blockers
H2 blockers can help reduce heartburn by blocking the production of stomach acid. These medications are available over-the-counter and by prescription. Examples of H2 blockers include famotidine (Pepcid), cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), and nizatidine (Axid). Some people may experience side effects, such as headaches, diarrhea, and dizziness, from these medications. If you have any of these side effects, talk to your doctor. They may be able to prescribe a different medication that better suits you.
3. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Proton pump inhibitors, or PPIs, are the most effective medical treatment for GERD. PPIs work by reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach. They are available as both over-the-counter and prescription medications. The most common PPIs include omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex), pantoprazole (Protonix), and esomeprazole (Nexium). PPIs are generally safe and effective, but they can cause side effects such as headaches, diarrhea, and nausea. In rare cases, they may also increase the risk of certain infections. If you have GERD, talk to your doctor about whether a PPI may be right for you.
4. Prokinetics
Prokinetics help strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that separates the stomach from the esophagus. This can help to prevent stomach contents from moving back up into the esophagus. Prokinetics can be taken as pills or given as an injection. A common prokinetic medication is metoclopramide (Reglan).
5. Fundoplication surgery
Fundoplication surgery has been proven to be an effective treatment for many people with GERD. During this procedure, the surgeon wraps the top part of the stomach around the lower esophageal sphincter, creating a new valve that prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. This surgery can be performed laparoscopically, which means that only small incisions are made in the abdomen. As a result, patients usually recover quickly and experience minimal discomfort. Additionally, this surgery is often successful in eliminating GERD or heartburn symptoms.
While medications may offer some relief from GERD symptoms, they do not treat the underlying condition. Surgery may also be an option for some people, but it is not always effective and can have serious side effects. For most people, making lifestyle changes is the best way to reduce the frequency and severity of GERD symptoms. These changes include eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods, quitting smoking, and elevating the head of your bed.
