Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that affects the cervix, which is the lower part, or “neck”, of the uterus. The leading cause of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually-transmitted virus. Note, however, that only some HPV strains can cause cervical cancer. The treatment for cervical cancer depends on the cancer stage, which is determined by how far it has spread in the body. Here are five treatments for cervical cancer:
1. Surgery
Surgery is often the first line of treatment for cervical cancer, aiming to remove as much of the cancer as possible. Depending on the type and stage of your cancer, you may have a local or a more extensive surgery. Local surgery removes cancer and some surrounding healthy tissue. Extensive surgery removes more significant areas of your body and may include removing lymph nodes. If you have cancer in more than one place in your body, you may need more than one operation. Common surgeries for cervical cancer include:
- Radical hysterectomy: This is the most common type of surgery used to treat cervical cancer. This involves removing the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. A less invasive procedure called a cone biopsy may also be used.
- Radical trachelectomy: This is a type of surgery that removes the cervix, part of the vagina, and surrounding lymph nodes. This procedure may be an option for women who want to preserve their fertility.
2. Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy for cervical cancer uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells. It is typically used to treat more advanced stages of cervical cancer. Moreover, this therapy can be delivered externally, using a machine that directs the beams at the cancerous tissue or through implants placed in the vagina.
3. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is often used in combination with radiation therapy to treat more advanced stages of cervical cancer.
4. Prevention for cervical cancer
The best way to prevent cervical cancer is to get the HPV vaccine. The HPV vaccine is most effective when it is given before a person becomes sexually active, so it is primarily recommended for girls and boys aged 11-12. However, it is also recommended, and can be effective, for females aged 13-26 and males aged 13-21 who have not been vaccinated previously. Other ways to reduce the risk of cervical cancer include practicing safe sex, using condoms, and undergoing regular screenings (i.e., pap test or pap smear).
Most women with early-stage cervical cancer do not have any symptoms. However, some women may experience abnormal bleeding, one of the most common signs of the disease. Other symptoms can include pain during sex, pelvic pain, and unusual discharge from the vagina. These symptoms are often caused by other conditions, such as infection or menopause, and do not necessarily mean that a woman has cervical cancer. However, if these symptoms occur, it is essential to see a healthcare provider to determine the cause.
